Guiding Questions 1. Where does the Sun go when we cannot see it? 2. Why does Earth have a cycle of seasons; winter, spring, summer, fall? In this diagram of Earth's orbit around the Sun (below) we see four (4) Earth's, with the Sun in the center. Do you see the names of the four (4) seasons on the diagram; winter, spring summer, autumn? The Earth experiences a cycle of seasons every year. What are the names of the seasons in your native language? In this diagram the red line is Earth's orbit as it revolves around the Sun, and the purple lines are Earth's axis and rotation. Observe that the diagram also has labels of the seasons in the northern hemisphere and southern hemisphere. Is your home country located near the equator, or in the southern or northern hemisphere? Earth at seasonal points in its orbit (not to scale) By Tauʻolunga - Own work, CC0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=927625 Activity
Standards For This Lesson 5-ESS1-2. Represent data in graphical displays to reveal patterns of daily changes in length and direction of shadows, day and night, and the seasonal appearance of some stars in the night sky. 8.MS-ESS1-1b Develop and use a model of the Earth-Sun system to explain the cyclical pattern of seasons, which includes Earth's tilt and differential intensity of sunlight on different areas of Earth across the year. Additional Resources
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Guiding Questions 1. What star is the closest to Earth? 2. Why is the Sun important to Earth? In this diagram of our Solar System (below) we see only a small part of the Sun. Do you know why? This is because the real size of the sun, at the scale, is too large to fit in the diagram. Compare the size of Earth to the Sun in this diagram. Wow! Earth is small! Our planet, Earth, is not really as close to the Sun as it appears in the diagram. However, Earth is much closer to the Sun than the outer planets are, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. If a planet is closer to the Sun than Earth, how will life on that planet be different from Earth? Diagram of the Solar System (sizes of planets are to scale, but not distances from the Sun) By WP - Planets2008.jpg, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=45708230 Activity
Standards For This Lesson 5-PS3-1. Use models to describe that energy in animals’ food (used for body repair, growth, motion, and to maintain body warmth) was once energy from the sun. 6.MS-ESS1-15(MA) Use graphical displays to illustrate that Earth and its solar system are one of many in the Milky Way galaxy, which is one of billions of galaxies in the universe. 8.MS-ESS1-1b Develop and use a model of the Earth-Sun system to explain the cyclical pattern of seasons, which includes Earth's tilt and differential intensity of sunlight on different areas of Earth across the year. Additional Resources
Guiding Questions 1. How far away from Earth is our Moon, or the nearest star, or nearest galaxy, or the edge of the known Universe? 2. How do we measure great distances in space? The image below shows the location in the night sky of the two closest stars to our Sun, Alpha Centauri and Proxima Centauri. The bright band of stars across the image is our own Milky Way galaxy! Notice that these two stars are located in our own Milky Way galaxy, which has billions of other stars and solar systems. Beyond our galaxy are billions of other galaxies, as far as the edge of the Universe! The video for this lesson is about how scientists measure distances in space. Imagine what it would be like to travel to a distant planet or a distant star as a scientist and explorer. Where would you like to go to explore, some where close or far away? The Very Large Array Telescope and Alpha Centauri By Y. Beletsky (LCO)/ESO - https://www.eso.org/public/images/eso1702a/, CC BY 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=54922306 Activity
Standards For This Lesson 6.MS-ESS1-15(MA) Use graphical displays to illustrate that Earth and its solar system are one of many in the Milky Way galaxy, which is one of billions of galaxies in the universe. Additional Resources Visit NASA's Space Place: Universe for games, activities, crafts, and media Watch the TedEd Lesson The Journey to Pluto
Guiding Questions 1. What makes up the universe? 2. How does the size of Earth compare to the size of other objects in the Universe? For all of human history humans have looked up at the night sky in wonder and curiosity. Galileo Galilei was the first person to use the newly invented telescope to observe the night sky 410 years ago, in 1610. In April, 1990, only 30 years ago, NASA launched the Hubble Space Telescope. Our knowledge of the universe was greatly expanded with the data and images that the Hubble Space Telescope sent back to the NASA scientists. The most spectacular image from this telescope is called the eXtreme Deep Field, or XDF, released in 2012. To me, this Hubble image below looks like a field of jewels glittering in the night sky! The "jewels" are really galaxies that are 13 billion light years away from Earth. Hubble eXtreme Deep Field (HXDF) taken in 2012, By NASA; ESA; G. Illingworth, D. Magee, and P. Oesch, University of California, Santa Cruz; R. Bouwens, Leiden University; and the HUDF09 Team - http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2012/37/image/a/warn/, Credit: NASA; ESA; G. Illingworth, D. Magee, and P. Oesch, University of California, Santa Cruz; R. Bouwens, Leiden University; and the HUDF09 Team, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=22103962 Activity
Standards For This Lesson 6.MS-ESS1-15(MA) Use graphical displays to illustrate that Earth and its solar system are one of many in the Milky Way galaxy, which is one of billions of galaxies in the universe. Additional Resources Visit the Hubble Telescope website at https://hubblesite.org/.
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